ECG paper is a type of medical recording paper. It can be used to record the electrical activity of the human heart. It helps the doctors to cure the patients. What is an ECG paper?
What Is An ECG?
Electrocardiography is a technique that utilizes electrode pads on an electrocardiograph machine to collect the electrical activity generated by the heart on the surface of the body, which is processed and converted into visual graphs that respond to the pattern of the heart's electrical activity. Each segment of the graphic changes on the ECG paper corresponds to each step of the heart's cardiac activity. On the one hand, it can be used to diagnose heart rhythm disorders, and on the other hand, it can indicate abnormal activity levels of cardiomyocytes in various parts of the heart.
What Is an ECG Paper?
ECG paper, a kind of special thermal paper used with ECG machine. Thermal coating is added to the original paper to make the surface the same as ordinary white paper. A grid of coordinates is printed on the paper. When the "thermal print head" of the ECG machine comes into contact with the paper surface, the thermal coating reacts and displays black lines, resulting in the corresponding ripple lines. Black or blue marking lines are printed on them.
Marker lines on ECG paper are usually divided into two parts: transverse marker lines and longitudinal marker lines. The transverse markers usually indicate time, with 0.04 seconds per small cell and 0.2 seconds per large cell. Vertical marker lines usually indicate voltage, with 0.1 millivolts per cell and 0.5 millivolts per cell. These marker lines help the doctor interpret the ECG number and determine if there are any abnormalities. On ECG paper, ECG signals are usually presented as waveforms. These waveforms reflect the electrical activity of the heart at different stages.
How to Read ECG Paper?
In addition to P, QRS, T wave and ST segment, there are also PR interval, PJ interval and QT interval, etc. Measuring the time limit and interval of each wave of ECG is the most direct way to understand the electrical activity of the heart.
P-wave time: frame Atrial muscle depolarization time, normal value 0.11s.
QRS Wave Group Time Frame: The time it takes for electrical activity to propagate through the ventricular myocardium. Normal value: 0.06~0.10s (2~3 small squares). The QRS time frame is widened when there are conduction abnormalities in the ventricle.
PR interval: from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS wave. The normal PR interval is 0.12 to 0.20 seconds, which is equivalent to 3 to 5 frames. This interval is the time between the onset of atrial depolarization and the delayed conduction of excitation in the AV node.
PJ interval: From the beginning of the P wave to the end of the QRS wave (J point), this is the time for atrial depolarization, AV nodal conduction, and ventricular depolarization, with a normal value of <0.26 s. The PJ interval is the time from the beginning of the P wave to the end of the QRS wave (J point).
QT interval: The period from the beginning of the QRS wave to the end of the T wave represents the total time for ventricular depolarization and repolarization. Normal values are < 0.44s.
PP interval: the length of the PP interval from the beginning of the first P wave to the beginning of the second P wave, which represents the time between two atrial depolarizations, and from which the atrial frequency can be calculated.
RR interval: the length from the beginning of the first QRS wave to the beginning of the second QRS wave. This interval represents the time between two ventricular depolarizations, and the ventricular rate can be calculated from this interval.
Why Use an ECG Paper Instead of Ordinary Paper?
ECG machines use thermal printing technology. The printing needle heats the paper to form the ECG. Only thermal paper can fulfill the requirements of such ECG machines. So ECG paper is used instead of plain paper.
ECG paper has printed squares for easy observation of ECG. Plain paper is not favorable for observation of ECG.
Thermal paper has clear color rendering, which is most important for medical equipment.
What Are the ECG Paper Sizes?
Common ECG paper specification sizes:50mm x 20m, 50mm x 30m, 210mm x 30m
How to choose ECG paper?
Quality of ECG paper:
The quality of ECG paper directly affects the clarity and accuracy of ECG, so you need to choose high quality ECG paper.
Recording speed:
The faster the recording speed of ECG paper, the more cardiac electrical signals can be recorded in the same time, improving the resolution of ECG.
Noise level:
The lower the noise level of the ECG paper, the higher the quality of the ECG.
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